Cornwall

"Cornualles (en inglés: Cornwall; en córnico: Kernow) es un condado ceremonial y una autoridad unitaria que ocupa gran parte de la península del mismo nombre, constituyendo el extremo suroccidental de Inglaterra. Por sus raíces lingüísticas y culturales, es considerada una nación celta. Sus costas, recortadas, son bañadas por el mar Céltico al norte y oeste y por el canal de la Mancha al sur, y culminan en la parte oeste, en el llamado en córnico Penn a Wlas y en inglés Land's End. Es el Fin de la Tierra, que equivaldría al "Finisterre" español (Fisterra gallego), al Finistère francés o al Oostende flamenco ('fin del este'). El también conocido como país del estaño está al oeste del condado de Devon, siendo el río Tamar su frontera. La carretera principal que la une con el resto del país es la A38, que cruza el Tamar en Plymouth en el Puente del Tamar; y la A30 que cruza la frontera sur del Launceston. Un ferry también une Plymouth con la ciudad de Torpoint al otro lado del Hamoaze. Un puente ferroviario (el Royal Albert Bridge), construido por Brunel en 1859, completa la otra gran vía de transporte. Las islas Sorlingas (Isles of Scilly) están asociadas a Cornualles. Cornualles es también un ducado perteneciente a la Corona Británica que tiene asociado el título de Duque de Cornualles. En la actualidad al ducado pertenece el 2 % del territorio lo mismo que otras extensiones en diferentes puntos de Gran Bretaña. En la actualidad, este título es del príncipe de Gales, Carlos de Inglaterra, y de la duquesa Camilla."

"Cornwall (/krnwl/ or /krnwl/; Cornish: Kernow, [kn]) is a ceremonial county and unitary authority area of England within the United Kingdom. It is bordered to the north and west by the Celtic Sea, to the south by the English Channel, and to the east by the county of Devon, over the River Tamar. Cornwall has a population of 536,000 and covers an area of 3,563 km2 (1,376 sq mi). The administrative centre, and only city in Cornwall, is Truro, although the town of Falmouth has the largest population for a civil parish and the conurbation of Camborne, Pool and Redruth has the highest total population. Cornwall forms the westernmost part of the south-west peninsula of the island of Great Britain, and a large part of the Cornubian batholith is within Cornwall. This area was first inhabited in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods. It continued to be occupied by Neolithic and then Bronze Age peoples, and later (in the Iron Age) by Brythons with distinctive cultural relations to neighbouring Wales and Brittany. There is little evidence that Roman rule was effective west of Exeter and few Roman remains have been found. Cornwall was the home of a division of the Dumnonii tribe whose tribal centre was in the modern county of Devon known as the Cornovii, separated from the Brythons of Wales after the Battle of Deorham, often coming into conflict with the expanding kingdom of Wessex before King Athelstan in AD 936 set the boundary between English and Cornish at the high water mark of the eastern bank of the River Tamar. From the early Middle Ages, British language and culture was apparently shared by Brythons trading across both sides of the Channel, evidenced by the corresponding high medieval Breton kingdoms of Domnonée and Cornouaille and the Celtic Christianity common to both territories. Historically tin mining was important in the Cornish economy, becoming increasingly significant during the High Middle Ages and expanding greatly during the 19th century when rich copper mines were also in production. In the mid-19th century, however, the tin and copper mines entered a period of decline. Subsequently, china clay extraction became more important and metal mining had virtually ended by the 1990s. Traditionally, fishing (particularly of pilchards) and agriculture (notably dairy products and vegetables) were the other important sectors of the economy. Railways led to a growth of tourism in the 20th century; however, Cornwall's economy struggled after the decline of the mining and fishing industries. The area is noted for its wild moorland landscapes, its long and varied coastline, its attractive villages, its many place-names derived from the Cornish language, and its very mild climate. Extensive stretches of Cornwall's coastline, and Bodmin Moor, are protected as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Cornwall is the homeland of the Cornish people and is recognised as one of the Celtic nations, retaining a distinct cultural identity that reflects its history. Some people question the present constitutional status of Cornwall, and a nationalist movement seeks greater autonomy within the United Kingdom in the form of a devolved legislative Cornish Assembly. On 24 April 2014 it was announced that Cornish people will be granted minority status under the European Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities."