Finlandia

"Finlandia, oficialmente República de Finlandia (Acerca de este sonido en finés: Suomi o Suomen Tasavalta; en sueco: Finland o Republiken Finland (?·i)), es un país miembro de la Unión Europea desde 1995 y situado en el noreste de Europa. Tiene fronteras al oeste con Suecia, al este con Rusia y al norte con Noruega. Por el oeste y el sur está rodeada por el mar Báltico, que la separa de Suecia y Estonia, cruzando los golfos de Botnia y Finlandia, respectivamente. La capital y ciudad más importante del país es Helsinki. En 2015, Finlandia contaba con una población de 5,4 millones de habitantes en un área de 303 899 km². La gran mayoría de la población del país se concentra en el extremo sur, en la costa del golfo de Finlandia y sus alrededores (incluyendo el Área Metropolitana de Helsinki). Finlandia es el sexto país más extenso de Europa y cuenta con una densidad poblacional baja de 15,5 habitantes por km², lo que convierte al país en el segundo de menor densidad poblacional de la Unión Europea. La mayoría de los finlandeses hablan finés (o finlandés) como su lengua materna, la cual es una de las pocas lenguas oficiales de la Unión Europea que no descienden de la familia indoeuropea. La segunda lengua oficial de Finlandia es el sueco, hablado como lengua materna por un 5,6 % de la población. Finlandia fue parte de Suecia hasta que en 1809 fue anexionada por el Imperio Ruso, pasando a ser el Gran Ducado de Finlandia (entidad autónoma de Rusia hasta 1917, cuando obtuvo la independencia). Actualmente, Finlandia es una república parlamentaria y democrática, y es miembro de las Naciones Unidas desde 1955, así como de la Unión Europea desde 1995. La economía finlandesa es una de las más prósperas de Europa, basándose en los importantes sectores de servicios, así como de manufactura. En el país existe un estado de bienestar, así como una política altamente democrática y con niveles sumamente bajos de corrupción."

"Finland (/fnlnd/; Finnish: Suomi [suomi] ; Swedish: Finland [fnland]), officially the Republic of Finland, is a sovereign state in Northern Europe. A peninsula with the Gulf of Finland to the south and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west, the country has land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east. Estonia is south of the country across the Gulf of Finland. Finland is situated in the geographical region of Fennoscandia, which also includes Scandinavia. Finland's population is 5.5 million (2014), staying roughly on the same level over the past two decades. The majority of the population is concentrated in the southern region. In terms of area, it is the eighth largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union. Finland is a parliamentary republic with a central government based in the capital Helsinki, local governments in 317 municipalities, and an autonomous region, the Åland Islands. Over 1.4 million people live in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area, which produces a third of the country's GDP. From the late 12th century, Finland was an integral part of Sweden, a legacy reflected in the prevalence of the Swedish language and its official status. In the spirit of the notion of Adolf Ivar Arwidsson (17911858), "we are no-longer Swedes, we do not want to become Russians, let us therefore be Finns", the Finnish national identity started to become established. Nevertheless, in 1809, Finland was incorporated into the Russian Empire as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland. In 1906, Finland became the second nation in the world to give the right to vote to all adult citizens and the first in the world to give all adult citizens the right to run for public office. Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, Finland declared itself independent. In 1918, the fledgling state was divided by civil war, with the Bolshevik-leaning "Reds" supported by the equally new Soviet Russia, fighting the "Whites", supported by the German Empire. After a brief attempt to establish a kingdom, the country became a republic. During World War II, the Soviet Union sought repeatedly to occupy Finland, with Finland losing parts of Karelia, Salla and Kuusamo, Petsamo and some islands, but retaining independence. Finland joined the United Nations in 1955 and established an official policy of neutrality. The Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948 gave the Soviet Union some leverage in Finnish domestic politics during the Cold War era. Finland joined the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1969, the NATO Partnership for Peace on 1994, the European Union in 1995, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council in 1997, and finally the Eurozone at its inception, in 1999. Finland was a relative latecomer to industrialization, remaining a largely agrarian country until the 1950s. It rapidly developed an advanced economy while building an extensive Nordic-style welfare state, resulting in widespread prosperity and one of the highest per capita incomes in the world. However, Finnish GDP growth has been negative in 2012-2014 (-0,698% to -1,426%), with a preceding nadir of 8% in 2009. Finland is a top performer in numerous metrics of national performance, including education, economic competitiveness, civil liberties, quality of life, and human development. In 2015, Finland was ranked first in the World Human Capital and the Press Freedom Index, and as the most stable country in the world in the Failed States Index, and second in the Global Gender Gap Report. A large majority of Finns are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, though freedom of religion is guaranteed under the Finnish Constitution."