Dachau (Alemania, Campo de concentración)

"El campo de concentración de Dachau fue un campo de concentración nazi cercano al pueblo de Dachau, a 13 km al noroeste de Múnich, en Baviera (sur de Alemania). El campo fue construido sobre una fábrica de pólvora en desuso y sus instalaciones principales fueron terminadas el 21 de marzo de 1933. Al día siguiente, los primeros prisioneros fueron internados en el campo. El campo estuvo abierto desde el 22 de marzo de 1933 hasta su liberación el 29 de abril de 1945. Junto con el mucho más grande campo de concentración de Auschwitz, Dachau es uno de los campos de concentración nazis más conocidos y visitados por el público. Gestionado al principio por las SA y SS locales, desde 1934 estuvo bajo la autoridad de las SS. Fue escenario de castigos tremendamente crueles y fue modelo del sistema de campos ordenado y eficaz. Su gestor principal, Theodor Eicke, nombrado por Heinrich Himmler, fue el responsable de que los prisioneros fueran considerados como enemigos infrahumanos del Estado y del especial tratamiento dado a los judíos, en forma de castigos aniquiladores desde el punto de vista físico y psicológico. En Dachau se realizaron también cientos de experimentos médicos ilegales e inhumanos."

"Dachau concentration camp (German: Konzentrationslager (KZ) Dachau, IPA: [daxa]) was the first of the Nazi concentration camps opened in Germany, intended to hold political prisoners. It is located on the grounds of an abandoned munitions factory northeast of the medieval town of Dachau, about 16 km (10 mi) northwest of Munich in the state of Bavaria, in southern Germany. Opened in 1933 by Heinrich Himmler, its purpose was enlarged to include forced labor, and eventually, the imprisonment of Jews, ordinary German and Austrian criminals, and eventually foreign nationals from countries that Germany occupied or invaded. The Dachau camp system grew to include nearly 100 sub-camps, which were mostly work camps or "Arbeitskommandos," and were located throughout southern Germany and Austria. The camps were liberated by U.S. forces on 29 April 1945. Prisoners lived in constant fear of brutal treatment and terror detention including standing cells, floggings, the so-called tree or pole hanging, and standing at attention for extremely long periods. There were 32,000 documented deaths at the camp, and thousands that are undocumented. Approximately 10,000 of the 30,000 prisoners were sick at the time of liberation. In the postwar years the Dachau facility served to hold SS soldiers awaiting trial. After 1948, it held ethnic Germans who had been expelled from eastern Europe and were awaiting resettlement, and also was used for a time as a United States military base during the occupation. It was finally closed for use in 1960. There are several religious memorials within the Memorial Site, which is open to the public."