Tierra del Fuego (Argentina)

"Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur es el nombre oficial de la provincia más meridional de la República Argentina, ubicada en la región patagónica, en las Antillas del Sur y en el sector del continente antártico llamado Antártida Argentina. Organizada como Territorio Nacional hasta 1991, año en el que obtuvo la categoría de provincia."

"Tierra del Fuego (Spanish for "Land of Fire"; Spanish pronunciation: [tjera ðel fweo]; officially Provincia de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur) is an Argentine province. The province is divided into four departments, all of which are discontiguous with the Argentine mainland: * Río Grande Department, on the eastern section of the Isla Grande of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago, bordering the Chilean province of Tierra del Fuego, and separated from mainland Argentina by the Strait of Magellan. Under undisputed Argentine administration * Ushuaia Department, also on Isla Grande bordering Chilean territory. This department includes the provincial capital Ushuaia and Staten Island of 534 square kilometres (206 sq mi) to the East. Also undisputed * The disputed Antártida Argentina Department, a vast claimed triangular section of Antarctica extending to the South Pole, which geographically overlaps with British and Chilean claims in Antarctica. However, all territorial claims in Antarctica are suspended by the Antarctic Treaty System, of which Argentina is a founding signatory and permanent consulting member * The disputed Islas del Atlántico Sur Department, consisting of Argentinian claims to the Falkland Islands (Malvinas in Spanish) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (both of which are self-governing overseas territories of the United Kingdom), along with the South Orkney Islands (which lies south of 60°S and therefore within the scope of the Antarctic Treaty) The province had been inhabited by indigenous people for more than 12,000 years, since they migrated south of the mainland. It was first discovered by a European in 1520 when spotted by Ferdinand Magellan. Even after Argentina achieved independence, this territory remained under indigenous control until the nation's campaign known as the Conquest of the Desert in the 1870s. After defeating most of the Indians in the desert part of Patagonia, Argentina organized this section in 1885 as a territory. European immigration followed due to a gold rush and rapid expansion of sheep farming on large ranches in the area. Tierra del Fuego is the most recent Argentine territory to gain provincial status, which occurred in 1990."