Zimbabwe

"Zimbabue, oficialmente República de Zimbabue (en inglés: Republic of Zimbabwe, y este del shona Dzimba dza mabwe, «casa de piedra»), es un país situado al sur del continente africano, entre el río Zambeze, las cataratas Victoria y el río Limpopo. Carece de costas oceánicas y limita al oeste con Botsuana, al norte con Zambia, al sur con Sudáfrica y al este con Mozambique. Sus territorios se corresponden con la antigua Rodesia del Sur. los idiomas oficiales son el inglés y el shona. Su índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH) fue el más bajo del mundo en 2010 con un nivel de 0,140. Sin embargo, se han hecho reformas sociales en los últimos años que han permitido notables crecimientos en su IDH y según el informe de 2015 ahora tiene un nivel de 0,509 y ocupa el puesto 155 de 188 países."

"Zimbabwe (/zmbbwe/), officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked sovereign state located in southern Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers. It borders South Africa to the south, Botswana and Namibia to the west, Zambia to the northwest, and Mozambique to the east and northeast. The capital and largest city is Harare. A country of roughly 13 million people, Zimbabwe has 16 official languages, with English, Shona, and Ndebele the most commonly used. Since the 11th century, present-day Zimbabwe has been the site of several organised states and kingdoms as well as a major route for migration and trade. The British South Africa Company of Cecil Rhodes first demarcated the present territory during the 1890s; it became the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia in 1923. In 1965, the conservative white minority government unilaterally declared independence as Rhodesia. The state endured international isolation and a 15-year guerrilla war with black nationalist forces; this culminated in a peace agreement that established universal enfranchisement and de jure sovereignty in April 1980. Zimbabwe then rejoined the Commonwealth of Nationswhich it withdrew from in 2003. It is a member of the United Nations, the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). Robert Mugabe became Prime Minister of Zimbabwe in 1980, when his ZANU-PF party won the elections following the end of white minority rule; he has been the president of Zimbabwe since 1987. Under Mugabe's authoritarian regime, the state security apparatus has dominated the country and been responsible for widespread human rights violations. Mugabe has maintained the revolutionary socialist rhetoric from the Cold War era, blaming Zimbabwe's economic woes on conspiring Western capitalist countries. Burnished by his anti-imperialist credentials, contemporary African political leaders have been reluctant to criticise Mugabe, though Archbishop Desmond Tutu has called him "a cartoon figure of an archetypal African dictator.""