Egipto

"Egipto, oficialmente la República Árabe de Egipto (en árabe: umhriyyat Mir Al-Arabiyyah, pronunciado en dialecto egipcio: [Mar]), es un país soberano de África en la parte más occidental del Máshrek. Es un país transcontinental, está ubicado mayoritariamente en el extremo noreste de África mientras que en Asia, se encuentra en la península del Sinaí un terreno pequeño comparado con el resto del país. Limita con Sudán al sur, con Libia al oeste y con el Estado de Palestina e Israel al noreste. Al norte limita con el mar Mediterráneo y al sureste con el mar Rojo. La mayor parte de su superficie la integra el desierto del Sahara. El río Nilo cruza el desierto de norte a sur, formando un estrecho valle y un gran delta en su desembocadura en el Mediterráneo. Estas tierras fértiles se hallan densamente pobladas, concentrando la mayor población nacional de África. Casi la mitad de los egipcios viven en áreas urbanas, sobre todo en los centros densamente poblados de El Cairo, su capital, y Alejandría. Egipto fue cuna de la antigua civilización egipcia, que junto con la mesopotámica fueron el origen de la actual cultura Occidental, influyendo decisivamente en la historia de la humanidad. Los restos de esta civilización jalonan el país como las pirámides y la gran esfinge o la ciudad meridional de Lúxor que contiene un gran número de restos antiguos, tales como el templo de Karnak y el Valle de los Reyes. Egipto es actualmente un centro político y cultural importante del Oriente Próximo y se le considera una potencia regional. Su actual forma de gobierno es la república semipresidencialista. Entre 2013 y 2014 estuvo bajo gobierno interino, formado tras el golpe de Estado de 2013 que derrocó al primer presidente democrático del país, Mohamed Morsi."

"Egypt (/idpt/ EE-jipt; Arabic: Mir, Egyptian Arabic: Mar, Coptic: Khemi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan, and across from the Sinai Peninsula lies Saudi Arabia, although Jordan and Saudi Arabia do not share a land border with Egypt. It is the world's only contiguous Eurafrasian nation. Egypt has among the longest histories of any modern country, emerging as one of the world's first nation states in the tenth millennium BC. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt experienced some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest worldwide. Egypt's rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, which has endured, and at times assimilated, various foreign influences, including Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and European. One of the earliest centers of Christianity, Egypt was Islamised in the seventh century and remains a predominantly Muslim country, albeit with a significant Christian minority. With over 90 million inhabitants, Egypt is the most populous country in North Africa and the Arab world, the third-most populous in Africa (after Nigeria and Ethiopia), and the fifteenth-most populous in the world. The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about 40,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large regions of the Sahara desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta. Modern Egypt is considered to be a regional and middle power, with significant cultural, political, and military influence in North Africa, the Middle East and the Muslim world. Egypt's economy is one of the largest and most diversified in the Middle East, and is projected to become one of the largest in the 21st century. Egypt is a member of the United Nations, Non-Aligned Movement, Arab League, African Union, and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation."