Río de Janeiro (Estado)

"Río de Janeiro (traducido al español sería: Río de Enero) es uno de los 26 estados que junto con el distrito federal forman la República Federativa del Brasil. Está localizado en la parte este de la región Sudeste. Tiene como límites: Minas Gerais (N y NO), Espírito Santo (NE), océano Atlántico (E y S), y São Paulo (SO). Ocupa una superficie de 43.696 km². Su capital es la ciudad de Río de Janeiro. Los municipios más importantes son: Río de Janeiro, Niterói, Campos, Petrópolis, São Gonçalo, Duque de Caxias, Nova Iguaçu, São João de Meriti, Volta Redonda, Angra dos Reis, Nova Friburgo, Teresópolis, Armação de Búzios, y Macaé. Paraíba do Sul, Macaé, Guandu, Piraí y Muriaé son los ríos principales y el clima es tropical, caliente en el litoral, pero más ameno en las regiones de montañas. Su capital, Río de Janeiro, es mundialmente conocida por sus playas, el cerro Pão de Açúcar, la estatua del Cristo Redentor y su animada vida cultural. También son destino frecuente de turistas de todo el planeta otras ciudades del estado, como Armação dos Búzios, Angra dos Reis, Parati y Petrópolis. El Estado do Río de Janeiro es el mayor productor de petróleo y gas natural de todo Brasil. Y tiene la segunda mayor economía de todo el Brasil (solamente São Paulo tiene una economía mayor que la de Río de Janeiro)."

"Rio de Janeiro (Portuguese pronunciation: [i.u di neju]) is one of the 27 states of Brazil. It has the second largest economy of Brazil, with the largest being that of the state of São Paulo. The state of Rio de Janeiro is located within the Brazilian geopolitical region classified as the Southeast (assigned by IBGE). Rio de Janeiro shares borders with all the other states in the same Southeast macroregion: Minas Gerais (N and NW), Espírito Santo (NE) and São Paulo (SW). It is bounded on the east and south by the Atlantic Ocean. Rio de Janeiro has an area of 43,653 km². Its capital is the city of Rio de Janeiro, which was the capital of the Portuguese Colony of Brazil from 1763 to 1815, of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves from 1815 to 1822, and of independent Brazil from 1822 to 1960. The archaic demonym meaning for the Rio de Janeiro State is "fluminense", taken from the Latin word flumen, meaning "river." Despite the fact "carioca" is a most ancient demonym of Rio de Janeiro's inhabitants (known since 1502), it was replaced by "fluminense" in 1783, when it was sanctioned as the official demonym of the Real Captainship of Rio de Janeiro (later Province of Rio de Janeiro), a few years after the City of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro has become the capital city of the Brazilian colonies. From 1783 and during all the Imperial Regime, "carioca" remained only as a nickname by which other Brazilians called the inhabitants of Rio (city and province). During the first years of the Brazilian Republic, "carioca" was the name given to those who lived in the slums or a pejorative way to refer the bureaucratic elite of the Federal District. Only when the City of Rio lost its status as Federal District and became a Brazilian State (Guanabara State ) by the time the capital city was moved to Brasilia, "carioca" was made a co-official demonym with "guanabarino". In 1975, the Guanabara State was extinct by President Geisel (under the military dictatorship) becoming the present City of Rio de Janeiro and "carioca" was made the demonym of its municipality. Besides the fact "carioca" is not recognized as an official demonym of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazilians call the inhabitants of Rio de Janeiro in general (State and city) "cariocas" and most of its inhabitants claim to be "cariocas". Nowadays, social movements like "Somos Todos Cariocas" ("We are all Cariocas") try to achieve the official recognition of "carioca" as a co-official demonym of Rio de Janeiro State. The state's 20 largest cities are Rio de Janeiro, São Gonçalo, Duque de Caxias, Nova Iguaçu, Niterói, Campos dos Goytacazes, Belford Roxo, São João de Meriti, Petrópolis, Volta Redonda, Magé, Macaé, Itaboraí, Cabo Frio, Angra dos Reis, Nova Friburgo, Barra Mansa, Teresópolis, Mesquita and Nilópolis. Rio de Janeiro is the smallest state in the Southeast macroregion and one of the smallest in Brazil. It is, however, the third most populous Brazilian state, with a population of 16 million of people in 2011 (making it the most densely populated state in Brazil and the third longest coastline in the country (after those of the states of Bahia and Maranhão). In the Brazilian flag, the state is represented by the Beta star in the Southern Cross ( = Mimosa)."