Jamaica

"Jamaica (en inglés, Jamaica) es un país y una isla en América, perteneciente a las Antillas Mayores. Cuenta con 240 km de largo y un máximo de 80 km de ancho, situada en el mar Caribe. Está a 630 km del subcontinente centroamericano, a 150 km al sur de Cuba y a 180 km al oeste de la isla de La Española, en la cual están Haití y la República Dominicana. Fue una posesión española conocida como "Santiago", entre 1494 y 1655 cuando fue invadida por tropas inglesas. Luego se convirtió en una posesión inglesa, y más tarde en una colonia británica, conocida como "Jamaica". La isla logró su independencia el 6 de agosto de 1962. Con 2,8 millones de personas, es el tercer país de habla inglesa más poblado de América, después de Estados Unidos y Canadá. Forma parte de la Mancomunidad de Naciones (en inglés: Commonwealth of Nations)?; en concordancia con el sistema de monarquía constitucional. El poder ejecutivo lo ostenta la reina Isabel II que a su vez se constituye en la actual Jefe de Estado y reina de Jamaica. Kingston es la ciudad más grande del país y la capital."

"Jamaica (/dmek/) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea, consisting of the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles. The island, 10,990 square kilometres (4,240 sq mi) in area, lies about 145 kilometres (90 mi) south of Cuba, and 191 kilometres (119 mi) west of Hispaniola, the island containing the nation-states of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Jamaica is the fourth-largest island country in the Caribbean, by area. Inhabited by the indigenous Arawak and Taíno peoples, the island came under Spanish rule following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1494. Many of the indigenous people died of disease, and the Spanish imported African slaves as labourers. Named Santiago, it remained a possession of Spain until 1655, when England (later Great Britain) conquered the island and renamed it Jamaica. Under British colonial rule, Jamaica became a leading sugar exporter, with its plantation economy highly dependent on slaves imported from Africa. All slaves were fully emancipated in 1838 and many freedmen chose to have subsistence farms rather than work on plantations. Beginning in the 1840s, the British imported Chinese and Indian indentured labour to work on plantations. The island achieved independence from the United Kingdom on 6 August 1962. With 2.8 million people, Jamaica is the third-most populous Anglophone country in the Americas (after the United States and Canada), and the fourth-most populous country in the Caribbean. Kingston is the country's capital and largest city, with a population of 937,700. Jamaicans are of predominately African descent, with significant European, Chinese, Hakka, Indian, and mixed-race minorities. Due to a high rate of emigration for work since the 1960s, Jamaica has a large diaspora around the world, particularly in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Jamaica is a Commonwealth realm, with Queen Elizabeth II as its monarch and head of state. Her appointed representative in the country is the Governor-General of Jamaica, currently Sir Patrick Allen. The head of government and Prime Minister of Jamaica is Andrew Holness. Jamaica is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy with legislative power vested in the bicameral Parliament of Jamaica, consisting of an appointed Senate and a directly elected House of Representatives."