Eritrea

"El Estado de Eritrea es un país situado al noreste de África. Limita al norte y al oeste con Sudán; al sur con Etiopía y Yibuti; el este del país posee una extensa costa con el mar Rojo. Su nombre proviene del griego «eritros», que quiere decir «rojo». Se independizó en 1993 de Etiopía, lo que lo convierte en uno de los Estados más jóvenes del mundo. Su capital y ciudad más poblada es Asmara. El reino de Aksum, que abarcaba gran parte de lo que constituye Eritrea y el norte de Etiopía, surge hacia el siglo I o II y adopta el cristianismo a poco de surgir esta religión. En tiempos medievales gran parte de Eritrea queda bajo el dominio del reino Medri Bahri, una parte forma la República de Hamasien. La creación de la Eritrea moderna es el resultado de la incorporación de reinos independientes y varios Estados vasallos del Imperio etíope y del Imperio otomano, que dieron lugar a la formación de la Eritrea italiana. En 1947 Eritrea pasa a formar parte de una federación con Etiopía, la Federación de Etiopía y Eritrea. El subsiguiente anexamiento por parte de Etiopía produjo la guerra de la independencia de Eritrea, que concluye con la independencia de Eritrea en 1993."

"Eritrea (/rtre./ or /rtri/), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa. With its capital at Asmara, it is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast. The northeastern and eastern parts of Eritrea have an extensive coastline along the Red Sea. The nation has a total area of approximately 117,600 km2 (45,406 sq mi), and includes the Dahlak Archipelago and several of the Hanish Islands. Its toponym Eritrea is based on the Greek name for the Red Sea ( Erythra Thalassa), which was first adopted for Italian Eritrea in 1890. Eritrea is a multi-ethnic country, with nine recognized ethnic groups in its population of around six million. Most residents speak languages from the Afroasiatic family, either of the Ethiopian Semitic languages or Cushitic branches. Among these communities, the Tigrinya make up about 55% of the population, with the Tigre people constituting around 30% of inhabitants. In addition, there are a number of Nilo-Saharan-speaking Nilotic ethnic minorities. Most people in the territory adhere to Christianity or Islam. The Kingdom of Aksum, covering much of modern-day Eritrea and northern Ethiopia, rose somewhere around the first or second centuries and adopted Christianity around the time Islam had spread through Egypt and the Levant. In medieval times much of Eritrea fell under the Medri Bahri kingdom, with a smaller region being part of Hamasien. The creation of modern-day Eritrea is a result of the incorporation of independent, distinct kingdoms and sultanates (for example, Medri Bahri and the Sultanate of Aussa) eventually resulting in the formation of Italian Eritrea. In 1947 Eritrea became part of a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Subsequent annexation into Ethiopia led to the Eritrean War of Independence, ending with Eritrean independence following a referendum in April 1993. Hostilities between Eritrea and Ethiopia persisted, leading to the EritreanEthiopian War of 19982000 and further skirmishes with both Djibouti and Ethiopia. Eritrea is a one-party state in which national legislative elections have been repeatedly postponed. According to Human Rights Watch, the Eritrean government's human rights record is considered among the worst in the world. The Eritrean government has dismissed these allegations as politically motivated. The compulsory military service requires lengthy, indefinite conscription periods, which some Eritreans leave the country in order to avoid. Since all local media is state-owned, Eritrea was also ranked as having the least press freedom in the global Press Freedom Index. Eritrea is a member of the African Union, the United Nations, and IGAD, and is an observer in the Arab League alongside Brazil, Venezuela, India and Turkey."