Nueva York (Estado)

"Nueva York (nombre oficial en inglés, State of New York) es uno de los 50 estados de los Estados Unidos de América, localizado en la región del Atlántico Medio del país, al noreste del mismo. Su capital es Albany. Es el mayor centro financiero y comercial de los Estados Unidos, así como su mayor centro industrial. Con más de 19 millones de habitantes, Nueva York es el tercer estado más poblado del país. No debe confundirse con la ciudad homónima, la ciudad de Nueva York (nombre oficial: City of New York, o, de modo informal, New York City), localizada en el extremo sur del estado. Por ello, al estado se le suele llamar «Estado de Nueva York». La ciudad de Nueva York no es solo la mayor ciudad del estado, con sus 8,5 millones de habitantes, cerca de la mitad de la población estatal, sino también la mayor ciudad de los Estados Unidos. El apodo de Nueva York es «Empire State» («Estado Imperial»). Los historiadores creen que este apodo viene de un comentario hecho por George Washington. Una vez comentó que Nueva York era el centro del Imperio estadounidense. El lema del estado es «Excelsior», una palabra latina que significa «siempre arriba», «siempre en la cumbre» o «más alto aún». Nueva York fue colonizado originalmente por los neerlandeses, que llamaron a la región Nuevos Países Bajos (Nieuw-Nederland). También fundaron un asentamiento en la isla de Manhattan, llamado Nueva Ámsterdam. Cuando Inglaterra capturó el estado de los neerlandeses, los ingleses renombraron tanto al estado como a la ciudad localizada en Manhattan a «Nueva York». Nueva York fue una de las trece colonias británicas que se rebelaron en la Guerra de la Independencia de Estados Unidos. En este estado tuvieron lugar un tercio de todas las batallas de la guerra. Después de la guerra, Nueva York pasó a ser el 11.º estado en entrar a la Unión, el 26 de julio de 1788. Se convirtió en el más poblado del país alrededor de 1810, aunque fue sobrepasado por California en la década de 1960 y por Texas en la década de 1990."

"New York is a state in the Northeastern United States and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U.S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. The state has a maritime border in the Atlantic Ocean with Rhode Island, east of Long Island, as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the north and Ontario to the west and north. The state of New York, with an estimated 19.8 million residents in 2015, is often referred to as New York State to distinguish it from New York City, the state's most populous city and its economic hub. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States and the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States. The New York City Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City is a global city, exerting a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace defining the term New York minute. The home of the United Nations Headquarters, New York City is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world, as well as the world's most economically powerful city. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State. Two-thirds of the state's population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, future King James II of England. The next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade and proselytizing. In 1609, the region was claimed by Henry Hudson for the Dutch, who built Fort Nassau in 1614 at the confluence of the Hudson and Mohawk rivers, where the present-day capital of Albany later developed. The Dutch soon also settled New Amsterdam and parts of the Hudson Valley, establishing the colony of New Netherland, a multicultural community from its earliest days and a center of trade and immigration. The British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state. Many landmarks in New York are well known to both international and domestic visitors, with New York State hosting four of the world's ten most-visited tourist attractions in 2013: Times Square, Central Park, Niagara Falls (shared with Ontario), and Grand Central Terminal. New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a global node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance, and environmental sustainability. New York's higher education network comprises approximately 200 colleges and universities, including Columbia University, Cornell University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, which have been ranked among the top 35 in the world."