Myanmar

"Birmania o Myanmar, oficialmente República de la Unión de Myanmar, es un país soberano del sudeste asiático. Desde 2005 su capital es Naipyidó. Limita al norte con China, al sur con el mar de Andamán, al este con Laos y Tailandia, y al oeste con la India, Bangladés y el golfo de Bengala. El país fue gobernado por una dictadura militar desde 1964, a partir de ese año sólo se han celebrado elecciones en dos ocasiones. En 1990 la Junta militar del SPDC perdió los comicios de manera abrumadora ante la Liga Nacional para la Democracia. Ante tales acontecimientos, el gobierno ignoró los resultados. Como parte de un régimen de represión arrestó a líderes opositores, como la Premio Nobel de la Paz Aung San Suu Kyi. Después de diecisiete años, en 2007 la Junta militar se vio afectada por masivas protestas dirigidas por monjes budistas, que fueron brutalmente reprimidas. Para las elecciones de 2010, la Liga Nacional para la Democracia fue ilegalizada y no pudo participar al no expulsar de sus filas a los presos políticos, como lo pedía la junta militar. La junta militar se disolvió oficialmente el 30 de marzo de 2011, con la inauguración del nuevo gobierno."

"Myanmar (Burmese pronunciation: [mjmà]), officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in South East Asia bordered by Bangladesh, India, China, Laos and Thailand. One-third of Myanmar's total perimeter of 1,930 km (1,200 miles) forms an uninterrupted coastline along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The country's 2014 census revealed a much lower population than expected, with 51 million people recorded. Myanmar is 676,578 square kilometres (261,227 sq mi) in size. Its capital city is Naypyidaw and its largest city is Yangon (Rangoon). Early civilisations in Myanmar included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Burma and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Burma. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley and, following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country. The Pagan Kingdom fell due to the Mongol invasions and several warring states emerged. In the 16th century, reunified by the Taungoo Dynasty, the country was for a brief period the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia. The early 19th century Konbaung Dynasty ruled over an area that included modern Myanmar and briefly controlled Manipur and Assam as well. The British conquered Myanmar after three Anglo-Burmese Wars in the 19th century and the country became a British colony. Myanmar became an independent nation in 1948, initially as a democratic nation and then, following a coup d'état in 1962, a military dictatorship. For most of its independent years, the country has been engrossed in rampant ethnic strife and Burma's myriad ethnic groups have been involved in one of the world's longest-running ongoing civil wars. During this time, the United Nations and several other organisations have reported consistent and systematic human rights violations in the country. In 2011, the military junta was officially dissolved following a 2010 general election, and a nominally civilian government was installed. While former military leaders still wield enormous power in the country, the Burmese military have taken steps toward relinquishing control of the government. This, along with the release of Aung San Suu Kyi and political prisoners, has improved the country's human rights record and foreign relations, and has led to the easing of trade and other economic sanctions. There is, however, continuing criticism of the government's treatment of the Muslim Rohingya minority and its poor response to the religious clashes. In the landmark 2015 election, Aung San Suu Kyi's party won a majority in both houses. Myanmar is a country rich in jade and gems, oil, natural gas and other mineral resources. In 2013, its GDP (nominal) stood at USD56.7 billion and its GDP (PPP) at USD221.5 billion. The income gap in Myanmar is among the widest in the world, as a large proportion of the economy is controlled by supporters of the former military government. As of 2013, according to the Human Development Index (HDI), Myanmar had a low level of human development, ranking 150 out of 187 countries."