Bolivia

"Bolivia (quechua: Puliwya; aimara: Wuliwya; guaraní: Volívia), oficialmente Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia, es un país situado en el centro-oeste de América del Sur, cuenta con una población de cerca de 10,1 millones de habitantes. Limita al norte y al este con Brasil, al sur con Paraguay y Argentina, y al oeste con Chile y Perú, no tiene salida al mar. Su superficie es la sexta más extensa de Iberoamérica y comprende distintos espacios geográficos como la cordillera de los Andes, el Altiplano, la Amazonía, los Llanos de Moxos y el Chaco, siendo así uno de los países con mayor biodiversidad en el mundo. Políticamente, se constituye como un estado plurinacional, descentralizado con autonomías. Se divide en nueve departamentos y mantiene una reclamación territorial a Chile por una salida soberana al océano Pacífico. Sucre es la capital y sede del órgano judicial, mientras que La Paz es la sede de los órganos ejecutivo, legislativo y electoral. En su territorio se desarrollaron civilizaciones antiguas como Tiwanaku, la Cultura Hidráulica de las Lomas y la cultura moxeña. Primero los incas y posteriormente los conquistadores españoles dominaron el territorio hasta que el país se independizó en 1825. Al haber desarrollado las tradiciones con un mestizaje de las culturas precolombinas con la cultura española, es un país multiétnico y pluricultural, rico en la mezcla y sincretismo de costumbres y tradiciones recibidas de los pueblos indígenas y los conquistadores españoles."

"Bolivia (/blvi/; Spanish: [bolija]; Quechua: Buliwya [blwja]; Aymara: Wuliwya [wlwja]; Guarani: Mborivia [boija]), officially known as the Plurinational State of Bolivia (Spanish: Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia), is a landlocked country located in western-central South America. It is bordered to the north and east by Brazil, to the southeast by Paraguay, to the south by Argentina, to the southwest by Chile, and to the northwest by Peru. One-third of the country is the Andean mountain range, with one of its largest cities and principal economic centers located in the Altiplano. Before Spanish colonization, the Andean region of Bolivia was part of the Inca Empire, while the northern and eastern lowlands were inhabited by independent tribes. Spanish conquistadors arriving from Cuzco and Asunción took control of the region in the 16th century. During the Spanish colonial period Bolivia was administered by the Royal Audiencia of Charcas. Spain built its empire in great part upon the silver that was extracted from Bolivia's mines. After the first call for independence in 1809, 16 years of war followed before the establishment of the Republic, named for Simón Bolívar, on 6 August 1825. Since independence, Bolivia has endured periods of political and economic instability, including the loss of various peripheral territories to its neighbors, such as Acre and parts of the Gran Chaco. It has been landlocked since the annexation of its Pacific coast territory by Chile following the War of the Pacific (187984), but agreements with neighbouring countries have granted it indirect access to the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. The country's population, estimated at 10 million, is multiethnic, including Amerindians, Mestizos, Europeans, Asians and Africans. The racial and social segregation that arose from Spanish colonialism has continued to the modern era. Spanish is the official and predominant language, although 36 indigenous languages also have official status, of which the most commonly spoken are Guarani, Aymara and Quechua languages. Modern Bolivia is constitutionally a democratic republic, divided into nine departments. Its geography varies from the peaks of the Andes in the West, to the Eastern Lowlands, situated within the Amazon Basin. It is a developing country, with a medium ranking in the Human Development Index and a poverty level of 53 percent. Its main economic activities include agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, and manufacturing goods such as textiles, clothing, refined metals, and refined petroleum. Bolivia is very wealthy in minerals, especially tin."