Sao Paulo

"São Paulo (en español: San Pablo) es uno de los 26 estados que junto con el distrito federal forman la República Federativa del Brasil. Su capital, la ciudad de São Paulo, es la mayor urbe de Brasil, de Sudamérica y la octava más grande del mundo. Está localizado en la Región Sureste. Tiene como límites: Minas Gerais (N y NE), Río de Janeiro (NE), océano Atlántico (E), Paraná (S) y Mato Grosso del Sur (O). Ocupa una superficie de 248 808,8 km². Tiene 44 035 340 habitantes según el censo de IBGE de 2010, y es el estado más rico de Brasil, responsable del 33% del Producto Interior Bruto del país (2001). Su economía es la más grande de Sudamérica después de la del Brasil. Posee un parque industrial muy grande y diversificado y una agricultura y ganaderías muy desarrolladas y productivas. El estado tiene un PIB de R dollar 1 000 000 millones o 800 000 millones de dólares, superando el PIB de cualquier país de América del Sur. El pueblo de São Paulo se compone de una mezcla de inmigrantes europeos y sus descendientes (sobre todo italianos, españoles, portugueses y alemanes, pero hay también significativas colonias y ciudades de origen neerlandés, armenio y suizo), mestizos de los antiguos colonizadores portugueses con africanos y amerindios, y grandes comunidades de pueblos del Oriente Medio (Líbano y Siria) y Asia Oriental (Japón, China y Corea)."

"São Paulo (Portuguese pronunciation: [sw pawlu] ) is one of the 26 states of the Federative Republic of Brazil and is named after Saint Paul of Tarsus. As the richest Brazilian state and a major industrial complex, often dubbed the "locomotive of Brazil", the state alone is responsible for a third of Brazilian GDP. São Paulo also has the second highest Human Development Index (HDI) and GDP per capita, the fourth lowest infant mortality rate and the third lowest rate of illiteracy among the federative units of Brazil. The Brazilian state alone is richer than Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Bolivia combined. If São Paulo were an independent country, its nominal GDP would be ranked among the top 20 in the world (2010 estimate). With more than 45 millions inhabitants in 2014, São Paulo is the most populous Brazilian state, the most populous national subdivision in the Americas, and the third most populous political unit of South America, surpassed only by the rest of the Brazilian Federation and Colombia. The local population is one of the most diverse in the country and descended mostly from Italians, who began immigrating to the country in the late 19th century; of the Portuguese, who colonized Brazil and installed the first European settlements in the region; indigenous peoples, a large number of distinct ethnic groups; Africans, who were brought from Africa as slaves in colonial era; and migrants from other regions of the country. In addition, Arabs, Germans, Spanish, Japanese and Chinese also have presence in the ethnic composition of the local population. The area that today corresponds to the state territory was already inhabited by indigenous peoples from approximately 12,000 BC. In the early 16th century, the coast of the region began to be visited by Portuguese and Spanish navigators. However, only in 1532 Martim Afonso de Sousa would establish the first Portuguese permanent settlement in the Americasthe village of São Vicente, in the Baixada Santista. In the 17th century, the paulistas bandeirantes intensified the exploration of the interior of the colony, which eventually expand the territorial domain of the Portuguese Empire in South America. In the 18th century, after the establishment of the Province of São Paulo, the region begins to gain political weight. After independence, during the Empire of Brazil, São Paulo begins to become a major agricultural producer (mainly coffee), which ultimately create a rich regional rural oligarchy, which would switch on the command of the Brazilian government with the Minas Gerais's elites during the early republican period. Under the Vargas Era, the state was one of the first to initiate a process of industrialization and its population becomes one of the most urban of the federation. The city of São Paulo, the homonymous state capital, is ranked as the 12th largest city on the planet and its metropolitan area, with 20 millions inhabitants, is the 9th largest in the world and second in the Americas, after Greater Mexico City. Regions near the city of São Paulo are also metropolitan areas, such as Campinas, Santos, Sorocaba and São José dos Campos. The total population of these areas coupled with the capitalthe so-called Expanded Metropolitan Complexexceeds 30 million inhabitants, i.e. approximately 75 percent of the population of São Paulo statewide, the first macro-metropolis in the southern hemisphere, joining 65 municipalities that together are home to 12 percent of the Brazilian population."