Malvinas (Islas)

"Las islas Malvinas (en inglés, Falkland Islands, AFI: [flklnd alndz]; en francés, Îles Malouines) son un archipiélago situado en la plataforma continental de América del Sur, dentro del sector de mar epicontinental del océano Atlántico Sur que Argentina denomina mar Argentino. La menor distancia de las islas Malvinas al continente americano se encuentra entre la roca Mintay al sudoeste de la isla Beauchene y el cabo San Juan en la isla de los Estados, a 356,4 km. La principal localidad de las islas Malvinas es Puerto Stanley o Puerto Argentino (Stanley en inglés), ésta se encuentra ubicada en la costa oriental de la isla Soledad. Según la Organización de las Naciones Unidas es un territorio no autónomo cuya potencia administrante es el Reino Unido y cuya soberanía es reclamada por Argentina. Es uno de los 17 territorios en la lista de territorios no autónomos bajo supervisión del Comité Especial de Descolonización de las Naciones Unidas, con el fin de examinar la situación con respecto a la aplicación de la Resolución 1514 de la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas, por lo que la situación del archipiélago es examinada anualmente por el Comité de Descolonización desde 1965 debido a la Resolución 2065 de la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas. Jurídicamente, la Organización de las Naciones Unidas lo considera un territorio de soberanía aún pendiente de definición, entre el Reino Unido que lo administra y Argentina, que reclama su devolución."

"("Falklands" and "Malvinas" redirect here. For other uses, see Falklands (disambiguation) and Malvinas (disambiguation).) The Falkland Islands (/flklnd/; Spanish: Islas Malvinas, pronounced: [izlaz malinas]) are an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Patagonian Shelf. The principal islands are about 300 miles (483 kilometres) east of South America's southern Patagonian coast, at a latitude of about 52°S. The archipelago, with an area of 4,700 square miles (12,000 square kilometres), comprises East Falkland, West Falkland and 776 smaller islands. As a British overseas territory, the Falklands have internal self-governance, and the United Kingdom takes responsibility for their defence and foreign affairs. The islands' capital is Stanley on East Falkland. Controversy exists over the Falklands' discovery and subsequent colonisation by Europeans. At various times, the islands have had French, British, Spanish, and Argentine settlements. Britain reasserted its rule in 1833, although Argentina maintains its claim to the islands. In April 1982, Argentine forces temporarily occupied the islands. British administration was restored two months later at the end of the Falklands War. Most Falklanders favour the archipelago remaining a UK overseas territory, but its sovereignty status is part of an ongoing dispute between Argentina and the United Kingdom. The population (2,932 inhabitants in 2012) primarily consists of native-born Falkland Islanders, the majority of British descent. Other ethnicities include French, Gibraltarian and Scandinavian. Immigration from the United Kingdom, the South Atlantic island of Saint Helena, and Chile has reversed a population decline. The predominant (and official) language is English. Under the British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983, Falkland Islanders are British citizens. The islands lie on the boundary of the subantarctic oceanic and tundra climate zones, and both major islands have mountain ranges reaching 2,300 feet (700 m). They are home to large bird populations, although many no longer breed on the main islands because of competition from introduced species. Major economic activities include fishing, tourism and sheep farming, with an emphasis on high-quality wool exports. Oil exploration, licensed by the Falkland Islands Government, remains controversial as a result of maritime disputes with Argentina."