Bélgica

"Bélgica (en neerlandés, België, Acerca de este sonido [bl.i.j] (?·i); en francés, Belgique, Acerca de este sonido [blik] (?·i); en alemán, Belgien, Acerca de este sonido [blin] (?·i)), oficialmente Reino de Bélgica (en neerlandés: Koninkrijk België, en francés: Royaume de Belgique y en alemán: Königreich Belgien), es un país soberano, miembro de la Unión Europea, situado en el noroeste europeo. Este país cubre una superficie de 30 528 kilómetros cuadrados y posee una población de 11 250 659 habitantes según la estimación de 2015. Su capital y ciudad más poblada es Bruselas. Es un Estado multilingüístico con tres lenguas oficiales: el 60 % de su población, en la región de Flandes principalmente, habla neerlandés, mientras que cerca del 35 % habla francés (en la región de Valonia, al sur, y en la Región de Bruselas-Capital, una región oficialmente bilingüe que acoge también una minoría de hablantes de neerlandés). Menos de un 1 % de los belgas vive en la Comunidad germanófona, donde hablan alemán, junto a la frontera al este del país. A menudo, esta diversidad lingüística lleva a severos conflictos políticos y culturales, muy parecidos a los de otros países bilingües, reflejándose en el complejo sistema de gobierno de Bélgica y en su historia política. Bélgica recibe su nombre de la denominación latina de la parte más septentrional de la Galia, Gallia Belgica, el cual, a su vez, procede de un grupo de tribus celtas, los belgas. Históricamente, Bélgica ha sido parte de los Países Bajos de los Habsburgo, los cuales incluían los actuales Países Bajos y el Gran Ducado de Luxemburgo, ocupando una región algo mayor que el moderno Benelux. Desde finales de la Edad Media hasta el siglo XVII, fue un floreciente centro de comercio y cultura. Desde el siglo XVIII hasta la Revolución belga de 1830, Bélgica, en aquella época llamada los Países Bajos del Sur, fue el lugar de muchas batallas entre las potencias europeas y es por ello que se ha ganado el apodo de "el campo de batalla de Europa" o "la cabina de Europa". Es uno de los miembros fundadores de la Unión Europea, cuyas instituciones principales están ubicadas en el país, así como un número importante de otras organizaciones internacionales, como la OTAN."

"Belgium (/bldm/; Dutch: België [blij] ; French: Belgique [blik] ; German: Belgien [blin] ), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a sovereign state in Western Europe. It is a small, densely populated country which covers an area of 30,528 square kilometres (11,787 sq mi) and has a population of about 11 million people. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups: the Dutch-speaking, mostly Flemish community, which constitutes about 59% of the population, and the French-speaking, mostly Walloon population, which comprises 41% of all Belgians. Additionally, there is a small group of German-speakers who live in the East Cantons located around the High Fens area, and bordering Germany. Historically, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg (along with parts of Northern France and Western Germany) were known as the Low Countries; it once covered a somewhat larger area than the current Benelux group of states. The region was called Belgica in Latin, after the Roman province of Gallia Belgica. From the end of the Middle Ages until the 17th century, the area of Belgium was a prosperous and cosmopolitan centre of commerce and culture. From the 16th century until the Belgian Revolution in 1830, when Belgium seceded from the Netherlands, the area of Belgium served as the battleground between many European powers, causing it to be dubbed the "Battlefield of Europe,"a reputation strengthened by both world wars. Today, Belgium is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. It is divided into three regions and three communities, that exist next to each other. Its two largest regions are the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in the north and the French-speaking southern region of Wallonia. The Brussels-Capital Region is an officially bilingual (French and Dutch) enclave within the Flemish Region.A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia.Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance, made up of six different governments. Upon its independence, declared in 1830, Belgium participated in the Industrial Revolutionand, during the course of the 20th century, possessed a number of colonies in Africa. The second half of the 20th century was marked by rising tensions between the Dutch-speaking and the French-speaking citizens fueled by differences in language and culture and the unequal economic development of Flanders and Wallonia. This continuing antagonism has led to several far-reaching reforms, resulting in a transition from a unitary to a federal arrangement during the period from 1970 to 1993. Despite the reforms, tensions between the groups remain, if not increased; there is significant separatism particularly among the Flemish; controversial language laws exist such as the municipalities with language facilities; and the formation of a coalition government took 18 months following the June 2010 federal election, a world record. Belgium is a founding member of the European Union, Eurozone, NATO, OECD and WTO, and a part of the trilateral Benelux Union. Its capital, Brussels, hosts several of the EU's official seats as well as the headquarters of many major international organizations such as NATO. Belgium is also a part of the Schengen Area. Belgium is a developed country, with an advanced high-income economy and is categorized as "very high" in the Human Development Index."